{"id":4703,"date":"2024-08-06T21:46:53","date_gmt":"2024-08-06T21:46:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ockham.help\/?p=4703"},"modified":"2024-08-19T17:51:01","modified_gmt":"2024-08-19T17:51:01","slug":"panorama-de-las-investigaciones-antitrust-sobre-plataformas-digitales-en-los-eua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ockham.mx\/index.php\/2024\/08\/06\/panorama-de-las-investigaciones-antitrust-sobre-plataformas-digitales-en-los-eua\/","title":{"rendered":"Panorama de las investigaciones antitrust sobre plataformas digitales en los EUA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4703\" class=\"elementor elementor-4703\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-60eba405 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"60eba405\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d39eb2\" data-id=\"2d39eb2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30369949 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30369949\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Investigaciones antitrust en mercados digitales<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En los \u00faltimos cinco a\u00f1os, las autoridades de competencia han intensificado su escrutinio sobre las plataformas digitales. Sin embargo, estas investigaciones a menudo se basan en conjeturas m\u00e1s que en hechos concretos, como se evidencia en la imposici\u00f3n de restricciones ex ante impuestas a los &#8220;guardianes&#8221; (gatekeepers) en Europa.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La complejidad de las plataformas digitales, con sus modelos de negocio altamente diferenciados, dificulta la identificaci\u00f3n de patrones comunes de comportamiento y el dise\u00f1o de soluciones efectivas. Adem\u00e1s, estas plataformas generan beneficios significativos para los consumidores, lo que complica a\u00fan m\u00e1s el an\u00e1lisis.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En Estados Unidos, desde 2019, la Comisi\u00f3n Federal de Comercio (FTC) investiga a Facebook\/Meta y Amazon, mientras que el Departamento de Justicia (DOJ) se ocupa de Google y Apple. Los cinco casos principales en los que trabajan dichas autoridades son:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Google (motor de b\u00fasqueda): acusado de acuerdos anticompetitivos con fabricantes de dispositivos.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Google (AdTech): investigado por adquisiciones y pr\u00e1cticas que obligan a usar sus productos publicitarios.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Facebook\/Meta: cuestionado por las adquisiciones de Instagram y WhatsApp; la autoridad busca la desinversi\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apple: investigado por supuesta monopolizaci\u00f3n en el mercado de tel\u00e9fonos inteligentes.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amazon: acusado de estrategias anticompetitivas que afectan precios, calidad e innovaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un an\u00e1lisis inicial revela contradicciones en la definici\u00f3n de mercados relevantes por parte de las autoridades. Estas definiciones parecen reducir artificialmente el espectro de competidores y aumentar las participaciones de mercado de las empresas investigadas. Por ejemplo, el DOJ considera que Apple tiene poder monop\u00f3lico en los tel\u00e9fonos con iOS, mientras que la FTC ignora el comercio minorista tradicional al evaluar a Amazon.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los expertos se muestran esc\u00e9pticos sobre el \u00e9xito de estas investigaciones, dadas las metodolog\u00edas cuestionables empleadas y por el problema para incorporar el an\u00e1lisis de eficiencia y el bienestar de los consumidores en mercados de plataformas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La importancia de estas investigaciones radica en su influencia sobre la aplicaci\u00f3n de leyes antitrust en M\u00e9xico y otras jurisdicciones latinoamericanas. Sin embargo, la complejidad de los modelos de negocio digitales y los beneficios que aportan a los consumidores plantean desaf\u00edos significativos para las autoridades reguladoras, que deben equilibrar la protecci\u00f3n de la competencia con el fomento de la innovaci\u00f3n y el bienestar del consumidor.<\/span><\/p><p><b>N\u00fa\u00f1ez Melgoza, F. (2024), Panorama de las investigaciones antitrust sobre plataformas digitales en los EUA, El Economista, 01 de abril.\u00a0<\/b><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eleconomista.com.mx\/opinion\/Panorama-de-las-investigaciones-antitrust-sobre-plataformas-digitales-en-los-EUA-20240401-0002.html\"><b>https:\/\/www.eleconomista.com.mx\/opinion\/Panorama-de-las-investigaciones-antitrust-sobre-plataformas-digitales-en-los-EUA-20240401-0002.html<\/b><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Las investigaciones antitrust sobre plataformas digitales en EE.UU. han aumentado en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, pero enfrentan desaf\u00edos significativos.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4705,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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